{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "<div align=\"center\">\n",
        "  <img src=\"https://aiscmadrid.com/images/events/event28/img_69834db73fb007.86465216.webp\" width=\"300\">\n",
        "</div>"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0YXVV35xCv6f"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DeMPyBgat6sn"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Inside Data I: Introduction to Python | BAUC3M x AISC\n",
        "Este notebook corresponde con la 1ª sesión de la serie de talleres prácticos organizada por AISC Madrid y BAUC3M.\n",
        "El objetivo es familiarizarnos con el entorno de Google Colab y los principios básicos de la programación en Python.\n",
        "\n",
        "En este cuaderno se tratan los siguientes conceptos fundamentales:\n",
        "- Celdas\n",
        "- Variables\n",
        "- Operaciones\n",
        "- Condicionales\n",
        "- Bucles\n",
        "- Funciones\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "y-_GJXKkxHUI"
      },
      "source": [
        "# 1. Celdas\n",
        "Este tipo de documento, identificado con la terminación **.ipynb**, se conoce como cuaderno / jupyter notebook.\n",
        "El contenido se divide en unidades independientes conocidas como celdas, y pueden ser de 2 tipos\n",
        "1. Markdown (texto)\n",
        "2. Código"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6wGnjY_8xx-c"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Markdown\n",
        "Estas celdas sirven para insertar texto o imágenes, y se utiliza para añadir información que complemente nuestro código.\n",
        "\n",
        "Un ejemplo es la celda donde se encuentra escrito este texto."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "t4uU2ExuyZZR"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Código\n",
        "Las celdas de código tienen código de Python y se ejecutan de manera independiente y completa.\n",
        "Cada celda se puede ejecutar con el botón en su parte superior izquierda o al seleccionarla y hacer **Ctrl + Enter**.\n",
        "\n",
        "La siguiente celda es un ejemplo, donde declaramos una variable."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AwMBKsZ0xiBM"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "name = \"María\""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "54-snNXXzlit"
      },
      "source": [
        "# 2. Variables\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "80327983"
      },
      "source": [
        "En Python, una **variable** es un nombre que se usa para almacenar un valor en la memoria del ordenador.\n",
        "\n",
        "Es como una etiqueta que le ponemos a un dato. Antes hemos declarado la variable `name`."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dhuqlqei0rd4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "name"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Zfk0L2VN1Sox"
      },
      "source": [
        "Existen varios tipos de datos que podemos guardar en una variable, en la siguientes celdas veremos los principales."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BkkQ5KyF1qZq"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 1. String\n",
        "Se trata de texto, y siempre debe ir entre comillas (simples o dobles)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lAWiPS_91k1s"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "texto1 = \"123 Probando\"\n",
        "otro_texto = 'Hello World!'"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(texto1, otro_texto)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QnOPvxaR3sHc"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_S5wI9XF2SC0"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 2. Integer\n",
        "Se trata de números enteros."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wwV3TaOs2WfD"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "days = 365\n",
        "weeks =67"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iGRvnhYl2vRz"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 3. Float\n",
        "Se trata de números decimales"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aVP7-Ddu2uw8"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "final_grade = 4.99\n",
        "pi = 3.1415"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vpzk9h4F3BD5"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 4. Boolean\n",
        "Dos valores posibles: **True/False** (Python acepta también para True simplemente 1 y para False 0)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nRRElsBE3Nib"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "passed_the_exam = False\n",
        "see_you_in_june = True"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(passed_the_exam == see_you_in_june)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ioc_6UgC4KxU"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(days > weeks)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Y1lv6Xs635uA"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(True == 1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DvcGhvv-393C"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HuAjg2LHVDH4"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 5. Lista\n",
        "Colección flexible y ordenada de datos."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BXSewbb6VDH4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "lista = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]\n",
        "lista_2 = [\"Hugo\", \"Paco\", \"Luis\"]\n",
        "lista_3 = [\"Hugo\", 1, 3.14, True, lista_2]\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(lista_3)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eJ2lyRzo4gMF"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "💡"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Wvm7dsFB463W"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "row_1 = [3,5,6]\n",
        "row_2 = [3,5,6]\n",
        "\n",
        "matrix = [row_1, row_2]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "K-uPp2Vi4naX"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(matrix)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "h6cxcKj641jI"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ksaegDSqVDH5"
      },
      "source": [
        "Operaciones comunes:\n",
        "\n",
        "- `len(lista)` : longitud de la lista\n",
        "- `max(lista)` : máximo valor de la lista\n",
        "- `min(lista)` : mínimo valor de la lista\n",
        "- `sum(lista)` : suma de los valores de la lista"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zzklvP_pVDH5"
      },
      "source": [
        "### 6. Diccionarios"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Colección de datos. Dualidad clave (string) y valor (cualquier variable).\n",
        "- Clave (Key): El nombre de lo que buscas (ej. \"Apple\").\n",
        "\n",
        "- Valor (Value): La información asociada (ej. el precio de su acción: 180)."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "liWQDbDN-_qL"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Crear diccionario (usamos llaves {})\n",
        "cartera = {\"AAPL\": 185.20,\n",
        "           \"MSFT\": 405.10,\n",
        "           \"GOOG\": 140.50}\n",
        "\n",
        "# Consultar un valor por clave (usamos corchetes [])\n",
        "precio_apple = cartera[\"AAPL\"]\n",
        "print(\"El precio de Apple es:\", precio_apple)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RyARawR8_Ypv"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Operaciones comunes:\n",
        " - Añadir o Modificar: `cartera[\"TSLA\"] = 175.00` (Si no existe lo crea, si existe lo actualiza).\n",
        "\n",
        "- Borrar: `del cartera[\"GOOG\"]`\n",
        "\n",
        "- Saber si algo está: `\"AAPL\" in cartera `(Devuelve True/False)."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1rHS05syATWJ"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "# 3. Operaciones"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zcvx7MhX593Q"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "saA485u27IvY"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Operaciones numéricas simples\n",
        "Para cada tipo de variable, se pueden hacer una serie de operaciones. A continuación veremos las más fundamentales, centrándonos en operaciones numéricas."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MqYaSlN_78NV"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "a = 4\n",
        "b = 2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kNSitnZ38acT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "print(a + b)\n",
        "print(a - b)\n",
        "print(a * b)\n",
        "print(a / b)\n",
        "print(a // b) #División entera"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "T4sZi4fmAFD0"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Condicionales\n",
        "Uno de los recursos más importantes en Python. Utilizamos una condición (True/False) de la que depende el código que ejecutaremos.\n",
        "\n",
        "Para ello utilizamos las palabras clave:\n",
        "- if\n",
        "- elif\n",
        "- else"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "asset_1 = 107.89\n",
        "asset_2 = 84.9"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "knJ0sDoiicgM"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xwZpe_kQVDH5"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if asset_1 > asset_2:\n",
        "  print(\"Asset 1 is greater than Asset 2\")\n",
        "elif asset_1 == asset_2:\n",
        "    print(\"Asset 1 is equal to Asset 2\")\n",
        "else:\n",
        "    print(\"Asset 2 is greater than Asset 1\")\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iwNenXiGVDH6"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Bucles"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-EhDkK2_VDH6"
      },
      "source": [
        "Tipos de bucle:\n",
        "\n",
        "1. Bucle for: Se usa cuando sabes exactamente cuántas veces quieres repetir una acción.\n",
        "\n",
        "2. Bucle while: Se usa cuando quieres que la acción continúe mientras se cumpla una condición."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Bucle for\n",
        "i = 0\n",
        "for i in range(10):\n",
        "  print(i)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-JoVplLVjvI9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Bucle for\n",
        "facturas = [100, 250, 450]\n",
        "\n",
        "for cantidad in facturas:\n",
        "    total = cantidad * 1.21\n",
        "    print(\"Total con IVA\", total)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7jIVidoTkEaI"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#Bucle while\n",
        "beneficio = 0\n",
        "meta = 1000\n",
        "\n",
        "while beneficio < meta:\n",
        "    beneficio += 200  # Sumamos 200 en cada ciclo\n",
        "    print(beneficio)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"¡Meta alcanzada!\")"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5q7I4zzqkJLZ"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "# Funciones\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "```\n",
        "def nombre_función (argumento):\n",
        "  instrucciones\n",
        "  return variable\n",
        "```\n",
        "\n",
        "\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "SOe9VIhXlLVN"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "def calcular_interes(capital, tasa, tiempo):\n",
        "    interes = capital * tasa * tiempo\n",
        "    return interes"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ynyABn4xlSuh"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "resultado = calcular_interes(10000, 0.05, 2)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"El interés generado es:\", resultado)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Rk5HYQiglV8r"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MIVXEg4SVDH6"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Práctica"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "## Ejemplo ficticio"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "H7s0fGB8Bpbz"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tr5AAwtbVDH6"
      },
      "source": [
        "Tenemos dos inversores: Ana y Juan con las siguientes carteras (USD)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CBzRbh8bVDH6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "cartera_ana = [1500, 2300, 1200, 4500]\n",
        "cartera_juan = [2800, 1100, 3900, 1500]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "L3quucehVDH6"
      },
      "source": [
        "Declara 2 variables nuevas que sean la suma de cada cartera e imprime su valor.\n",
        "\n",
        "Tip: funciones necesarias `sum()` y `print()`."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dWfIKB9ZVDH6"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Tu código aquí"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Yg-FY1cWVDH9"
      },
      "source": [
        "Compara la suma de cada cartera. Si la de Juan es mejor imprime \"Juan gana\", si la de Ana es mejor imprime \"Ana gana\" y si son iguales imprime \"Empate\".\n",
        "\n",
        "Tip: funciones necesarias `print()`"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FzuYGz6hVDH9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Tu código aquí"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Level I: ¿Cuál es el valor promedio de sus activos?\n",
        "\n",
        "Tip: uso for loop y función `len()`"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oW7TbMagBNb1"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Tu código aquí"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QyK9HWkjBUH8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Level II: ¿Cuál es el valor promedio de sus activos?"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nldHqIiGZEY8"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Tu código aquí"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wEgIFq6TZHkj"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "n3MbZU_iVDH9"
      },
      "source": [
        "Level III: ¿Cuál es el valor promedio de sus activos?\n",
        "\n",
        "Tip: funciones necesarias `mean()` del módulo numpy (np.mean())"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tPKDXG98VDH9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "# Tu código aquí"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UWVix_blVDH9"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Ejemplo más realista: Yahoo Finance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JwFmSkm3VDH9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import yfinance as yf"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Data handling"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4gWjLeQ1BcmC"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UR2P4jGcVDH9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# 1. Definimos las carteras (número de acciones asociado con cada activo)\n",
        "cartera_ana = {\"AAPL\": 10, \"GOOGL\": 5, \"TSLA\": 2, \"BTC-USD\": 0.05}\n",
        "cartera_juan = {\"MSFT\": 8, \"AMZN\": 12, \"NVDA\": 15, \"ETH-USD\": 1.5}\n",
        "\n",
        "# 2. Definimos la función para obtener el valor de la cartera\n",
        "\n",
        "def obtener_valor_cartera(cartera):\n",
        "    datos_actuales = {}\n",
        "    total = 0\n",
        "\n",
        "    # Descargamos los precios reales uno por uno\n",
        "    for ticker, cantidad in cartera.items():\n",
        "        stock = yf.Ticker(ticker)\n",
        "        # Obtenemos el último precio de cierre\n",
        "        precio = stock.history(period=\"1d\")['Close'].iloc[-1]\n",
        "        valor_activo = precio * cantidad\n",
        "        datos_actuales[ticker] = valor_activo\n",
        "        total += valor_activo\n",
        "\n",
        "    return total, datos_actuales\n",
        "\n",
        "total_ana, desglose_ana = obtener_valor_cartera(cartera_ana)\n",
        "total_juan, desglose_juan = obtener_valor_cartera(cartera_juan)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Valor de Ana:\", total_ana)\n",
        "print(desglose_ana)\n",
        "print(\"Valor de Juan:\", total_juan)\n",
        "print(desglose_juan)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Data visualization"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tHeWNG21BYOL"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aXtr4xzaVDH-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rS_hCZX0VDH-"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Configuramos la figura con dos gráficos\n",
        "fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(14, 6))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Gráfico 1: Comparativa de Totales (Bar Chart)\n",
        "nombres = ['Ana', 'Juan']\n",
        "totales = [total_ana, total_juan]\n",
        "ax1.bar(nombres, totales, color=['#4CAF50', '#2196F3'])\n",
        "ax1.set_title('Valor Total de la Cartera (USD)')\n",
        "ax1.set_ylabel('Dólares ($)')\n",
        "\n",
        "# Gráfico 2: Distribución de la cartera de Ana (Pie Chart)\n",
        "ax2.pie(desglose_ana.values(), labels=desglose_ana.keys(), autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=140)\n",
        "ax2.set_title('Distribución de Activos (Ana)')\n",
        "\n",
        "plt.tight_layout()\n",
        "plt.show()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Notebook creado por:\n",
        "Hugo Centeno Sanz y Lauren Gallego Ropero"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WcRaDjMACY09"
      }
    }
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "colab": {
      "provenance": [],
      "toc_visible": true
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
      "language": "python",
      "name": "python3"
    }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0
}